Future plans for education and career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Future plans for education and career - Essay Example The actual work environment could be described as a both traditional and or less traditional. In this regard I expect that I would be working traditional hours with like minded and talented people in an office setting. However where this job differs from other working environments is that most programming firms that I have been exposed to typically have a more relaxed approach to the work environment such as casual attire and relaxed approach normal workplace interactions. There are five aspects about this field that interest me, the first of which is that assuming programmers are skilled and can manage reasonable workloads it has been my experience that they enjoy a high level of job security. As a second point, the field is always changing and I personally believe that this makes the job tasks very interesting. Moreover, programmers need to deal with a multitude of different clients that need a multitude of different solutions which also keep the work content fresh. Building on thi s precious point it that programmers often get to work with some of the most sophisticated equipment on the market. As a final point, it could be argued that programmers are well compensated for their work. List the course numbers and titles for all the prerequisites you must take prior to entering the degree program.

Experience with Market Place Live Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Experience with Market Place Live - Term Paper Example Advertising- The Company had a small advertising budget because it wanted to keep its costs low. Having a low advertising budget led to the rejection of the company’s adverts by the International advertising federation. Had the advertising succeeded, the company would have sold more and even increased its market share from the current 38 percent. Sales team- The selected sales team was too small as compared to the demanding market in which the company operates. If the company had a stronger sales team, it could have sold more units and would have sold all the units as compared to the current situation where it had inventory left. The company should, therefore, focus on building a strong sales team both for the web and the sales office. Un-fulfilled demand- Dues to the small size of the company’s sales team; a situation which left the company with inventory totaling 400 as shown below. The figures above show that the demand per salesperson for Space-Age Technology was mu ch higher as compared to other of its competitors. The sales team had to work three times harder than those of other companies. Cutting costs- The Company decided to cut costs by redesigning its brand of computers and invest more in areas that were thought would help the company grow. The company missed the opportunity to make money and increase its market share by using the competitors brand data in making its redesign decision. The redesign decisions that affected Space Age Technology are shown below.

Theory Of Personality Development Essay Example for Free

Theory Of Personality Development Essay Introduction Personality development according to famous theorist Monique Laberge is the development of the organized pattern of behavior and attitudes that make a person distinctive. It includes the development of beliefs, moods an behavior that differentiate among the people. These unique attributes may result from a person’s unique experiences or because of his experiences shared with others. The combined effect of heredity and environment causes these attributes (Sturt Mary, 1999). Identical twins brought up together are more likely to show similar patterns of behavior than the identical twins reared apart. (Environment) However even twins reared apart are more similar than siblings who are not twins. (Heredity) Early Work by Sigmund Freud The best known theory of personality development developed from the works of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. Freud believed that personality has three basic components:- the id, the ego and the super-ego. Libido is the fundamental energy that provides the psychic energy for the achievements of goals. According to Freud sex and aggression are the only two drives and everything we do is motivated by one of them (Sturt Mary, 1999). Sex, also called Eros or life force drives people to live , prosper and produce offspring Aggression, also called Thantos or death force, stresses on the need to stay alive and to stave off threats to our existence. Id is the devil on your shoulder. Super-ego is the angel on your shoulder Ego has to maintain a healthy balance between the two which it does with the help of defense mechanisms namely: denial, displacement, Intellectualization, projection, rationalization , reaction formation, regression, repression, sublimation and suppression. Freud proposed that development of personality advanced through psycho-sexual   stages.:- the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the period of latency and genital stage The genital stage is reached through the onset of adolescence. This is the final stage of development. Libidinal energies are re-aroused and the individual attempts to achieve adult sexuality. But if there have been difficulties in the earlier stages, the giving and receiving of adult love may be difficult or impossible to achieve (Sturt Mary, 1999). Carl Jung Theory of Personality Development After Freud several other theories were developed by his associates or later psychologists. They are often referred to as Neo-Freudian theorists and prominent among them are Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Eric Eriksson. Carl Jung differed with Freud in many aspects. Jung gave more importance to current events rather than to childhood experiences. In his opinion social motives are far more important than sexual drives. His Analytic Theory also emphasized on spiritual needs and thoughts of future. Jung also differed with Freud in the conception of the Unconscious(Sturt Mary, 1999). Carl Jung focused on understanding the psyche of an individual through the dreams, mythology, religion, arts and philosophy. Carl Jung is credited to be the pioneer of four psychological concepts in personality development, which are widely taught in universities today(Sturt Mary, 1999). The Archetype The collective Unconscious The Complex Individuation The Archetype The hero archetype was first described by Carl Jung and it straight away originated from his understanding of various cultures. According to Jung each culture have heroes – those who have extra-ordinary powers to do extraordinary tasks(Sturt Mary, 1999). He further elucidated on it by explaining an individuals’ urge to be larger than life and he finds rest in those heroes archetype. It is no surprises that after these revelation, ‘Super Man’ one of the biggest comic of all time published. The comic took clue from Jung study and captivated the hearts and minds of people from all cultures. The Collective Unconscious The collective unconscious is one of the first things which led the differences between Freud and Jung. Unlike Freud, Jung believed that unconscious is more complex than just sexual motivations and aggression(Sturt Mary, 1999). As per Jung there are fears, anxieties etc which are common across cultures and they hugely influence the making of a personality. The Complex The complex self is best defined by Jung as the suppressed or repressed aspect of an individual’s conscious self. He categorized them into Constructive and Destructive types(Sturt Mary, 1999) – Constructive – It represents hidden positive affect or influence on an individual. Destructive – It represents the side an individual doesn’t want to recognize in himself. Individuation Jung explained Individuation as a process of growth and maturation which comes in an individual during the course of life. It is the process where he can detach from the inner self and find meaning in life. Process of Personality Development as per Carl Jung According to Jung each individual have an introvert and extrovert side and which side dominates the other influences the personality of an individual. As per Jung the conscious side helps an individual to adapt and orient while the unconscious self help in reacting or behaving in the particular manner. Jung categorized the behavior into four categories – sensation, thinking, feeling and intuition(Sturt Mary, 1999). He further defined that feeling and thinking is rational and comes with conscious side while intuition and sensation are irrational and originates from the unconscious. Bibliography STURT, MARY; OAKDEN, E C (1999) Modern Psychology and Education : A Text-Book of Psychology for Students in Training Colleges and Adult Evening Classes. Published by Routlege ISBN: 0-415-21009-7

STRATEGIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING OF NESTLE

STRATEGIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING OF NESTLE INTRODUCTION: Nestlà © was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlà © and is today the worlds biggest food and beverage company. Sales at the end of 2005 were CHF 91 bn, with a net profit of CHF 8 bn. Nestlà © employ around 250,000 people from more than 70 countries and have factories or operations in almost every country in the world. The history of Nestlà © began in Switzerland in 1867 when Henri Nestlà ©, the pharmacist, launched his product Farine Lactà ©e Nestlà ©, a nutritious gruel for children. Henri used his surname, which means little nest, in both the company name and the logotype. The nest, which symbolizes security, family and nourishment, still plays a central role in Nestlà ©s profile. (Bountypat, 2008) Nestlà © has about 250 000  shareholders, none of whom individually own more than 3% of the shares. As of December 31, 2003, Swiss investors held the major part of the stock (42%) followed by US citizens (22%) and British (10%), French (8%), and German (5%) shareholders. Unfortunately, shareholder identities are not made public under Swiss law, but we do know that Liliane de Bettencourt, heiress to the LOrà ©al fortune and the richest woman in France, has a holding in Nestlà ©. Nestlà © and LOrà ©al have a close relationship dating back to a shareholder pact made in 1974. Nestlà © holds a 26.4% stake in the worlds largest cosmetics group and has right of first refusal over the Bettencourt familys 27.5 percents take for 10 years, but with no obligation to buy. Whilst it is unlikely that Nestlà © will take over LOrà ©al in the immediate future, it could well do so in a few years. It already has cosmeceutical joint ventures with LOreal through Galderma and Innà ©ov. Nestlà ©s vision of making good food central to enjoying a good healthy life for consumers everywhere. This implies gaining a deeper understanding in many areas of nutrition and food research and transforming the scientific advances into applications for the company. (Parakhiya, 2009) Having a broad vision the company is doing its best for their consumers to show the great sense of responsibility. Nestlà ©s aim is to meet the various needs of the consumer every day by marketing and selling food of a consistently high quality. The confidences that consumers have in our brands is a result of our companys many years of knowledge in marketing, research and development, as well as continuity -consumers relate to this and feel they can trust our products. Nestle mission is to strive to bring consumers foods that are safe, of high quality and provide optimal nutrient to meet physiological needs. Nestle helps provide selections for all individual taste and lifestyle preferences (Parakhiya, 2009) (http://www.scribd.com/doc/21544545/ Introduction-Nestle-Was-Founded-in- 1866-by-Henri-Nestle-And LITERATURE REVIEW Since Nestle began over 143 years ago, Nestlà ©s success with product innovations and business acquisitions has turned it into the largest Food Company in the world. As the years have passed, the Nestlà © family has grown to include chocolates, soups, coffee, cereals, frozen products, yoghurts, mineral water and other food products. Beginning in the 70s, Nestlà © has continued to expand its product portfolio to include pet foods, pharmaceutical products and cosmetics too. (Bountypat, 2008) Today, Nestlà © markets a great number of products, all with one thing in common: the high quality for which Nestlà © has become renowned throughout the world. The Companys strategy is guided by several fundamental principles. Nestlà ©s existing products grow through innovation and renovation while maintaining a balance in geographic activities and product lines. Long-term potential is never sacrificed for short-term performance. The Companys priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people, wherever they are, whatever their needs, throughout their lives. Taste of Nestlà © in each of the countries where Nestlà © sell products. Nestlà © is based on the principle of decentralization, which means each country is responsible for the efficient running of its business including the recruitment of its staff. Thats not to say that every operating company can do as it wishes. Headquarters in Vevey sets the overall strategy and ensures that it is carried out. Its an approach that is best summed up as: centralize what you must, decentralize what you can. Nestlà © is a company which is present in all over the world but It has difference and unique motto to deal in all over the world. Nestlà © believes that they should think about their organizations globally but they deal with people by interacting with them locally. Thinking globally acting locally . ´ SWOT ANALYSIS OF NESTLE Strengths: Nestlà ©s has much strength. Their first is that they have a great CEO, Peter Brabeck. Brabeck emphasizes internal growth, meaning he wants to achieve higher volumes by renovating existing products, and innovating new products. His explanation of renovation is that to just keep pace in the industry, you need to change at least as fast as consumer expectations. (Novak, 2008) Parent support   Nestle India has a strong support from its parent company, which is the worlds largest processed food and beverage company, with a presence in almost every country. The company has access to the parents hugely successful global folio of products and brands. (Amit, 2005) Brand strength   In India, Nestle has some very strong brands like Nescafe, Maggi and Cerelac. These brands are almost generic to their product categories. (Headonist, 2009) Product innovation   The Company has been continuously introducing new products for its Indian patrons on a frequent basis, thus expanding its product offerings. (Headonist, 2009) His explanation of innovation is to maintain a leadership position, you also need to leapfrog, to move faster and go beyond what consumers will tell you. Brabeck has led Nestle into a position to better achieve the internal growth targets (Novak, 2008) Another strength that Nestle has is that they are low cost operators. This allows them to not only beat the competition by producing low cost products, but by also edging ahead with low operating costs. (Novak, 2008) Partnership with other large companies strategy that has been successful for Nestlà © involves striking strategic partnerships with other large companies. In the early 1990s, Nestlà © entered into an alliance with Coca Cola in ready-to-drink teas and coffees in order to benefit from Coca Colas worldwide bottling system and expertise in prepared beverages Acquire local companies -In Asia, Nestlà ©s strategy has been to acquire local companies in order to form a group of autonomous regional managers who know more about the culture of the local markets than Americans or Europeans. Nestlà ©s strong cash flow and comfortable debt-equity ratio leave it with ample muscle for takeovers. Recently, Nestlà © acquired Indofood, Indonesias largest noodle producer. Their focus will be primarily on expanding sales in the Indonesian market, and in time will look to export Indonesian food products to other countries. Relation with Farmers Acknowledging the impact of growing food demand and intensifying water scarcities in its future business, Nestle seeks to improve supplying farmers productivity environmental practices and water usage. The group network of 675 agronomist and 5000 extension workers offer free supporting and training assistance to 112,800 farmers in 21 countries. (Harkort, 2008) Weakness: 1. The main weakness of Nestle is that they were not as successful as they thought they would be in France. The launch in France was in 1994, but since the late 1980s, Danone had already entered the market with a health-based yogurt. (Nazir, 2009) 2. The second weakness is that LC-1 was positioned as too scientific, and consumers didnt quite understand that LC-1 was a food and not a drug (Nazir, 2009). 3. Exports   The companys exports stood at Rs 2,571 m at the end of 2003 (11% of revenues) and continue to grow at a decent pace. But a major portion of this comprises of Coffee (around 67% of the exports were that of Nescafe instant to Russia). This constitutes a big chunk of the total exports to a single location. Historically, Russia has been a very volatile market for Nestle, and its overall performance takes a hit often due to this factor. (Headonist, 2009) 4. Supply chain   The Company has a complex supply chain management and the main issue for Nestle India is traceability. The food industry requires high standards of hygiene, quality of edible inputs and personnel. The fragmented nature of the Indian market place complicates things more. (Headonist, 2009) 5. Nestle also has multiple critical resources. They have a great research and development team. James Gallagher and Andrea Pfeifer were the masterminds behind the research on the La-1 cultures in the LC-1 yogurt. They were also the two that decided on selling LC-1 as a functional food. This enabled Nestle to position the product in a way that differentiated it among the other products in the market. They also have four pillars that Brabeck, Nestlà ©s CEO has identified he believes will help their internal growth worldwide. These are operating excellence, innovation and renovation, product availability, and communication. (Nazir, 2009) OPPORTUNITIES-: Expansion   The Company has the potential to expand to smaller towns and other geographies. Existing markets are not fully tapped and the company can increase presence by penetrating further. With Indias demographic profile changing in favour of the consuming class, the per capita consumption of most FMCG products is likely to grow. Nestle will have the inherent advantage of this trend. (Headonist, 2009) Product offerings   The Company has the option to expand its product folio by introducing more brands which its parents are famed for like breakfast cereals, Smarties Chocolates, Carnation, etc. (Headonist, 2009) 3. Global hub   Since manufacturing of some products is cheaper in India than in other South East Asian countries, Nestle India could become an export hub for the parent in certain product categories (Headonist, 2009) 4. Nestle also has an opportunity of being even a larger market leader in Germany with LC-1. Within two years of launching the product in Germany, they had captured 60% of the market. This was due to the fact that they differentiated the product, and Germans simply preferred the taste. (Nazir, 2009) 4. Another opportunity of LC1 is that, because they are a market leader, they can introduce more health-based products in Germany. (Nazir, 2009) 5 As nestle has more then 9000 brands all over the world .they are increasing their products day by day. With very new changes, like now they are introducing Nestle LEMU Malta Threats: 1. A threat to Nestle is the fact that some markets they are entering are already mature. Danone had an established leadership position in the yogurt market in France. Since Danone was the first to arrive in the market, they have always been the market leader there. (Novak, 2008) 2. Also consumers in France liked the taste of LC-1, but researchers believe they did not repurchase the yogurt because they preferred the taste of DANONE products better. (Nazir, 2009) 3. Competition   The Company faces immense competition from the organised as well as the unorganised sectors. Off late, to liberalise its trade and investment policies to enable the country to better function in the globalised economy, the Indian Government has reduced the import duty of food segments thus intensifying the battle. (Headonist, 2009) .4. Changing consumer trends   Trend of increased consumer spends on consumer durables resulting in lower spending on FMCG products. In the past 2-3 years, the performance of the FMCG sector has been lack luster, despite the economy growing at a decent pace. Although, off late the situation has been improving, the dependence on monsoon is very high. (Headonist, 2009) 5. Sect oral woes   Rising prices of raw materials and fuels, and in turn, increasing packaging and manufacturing costs. But the companies may not be able to pass on the full burden of these onto the customers. (Headonist, 2009) 6. Another threat to Nestle is that there is intense competition in the United States yogurt market. General Mills Yoplait division is the leader in the yogurt market in the United States. Yop lait has been the leader for years and is constantly innovating new health products. (Nazir, 2009) 7. The main threat of Nestle these days is  the campaign led by the International Nestlà © Boycott Committee primarily targets Nescafe, the corporations flagship product. To boycott Nestlà © products until the company stops promoting its baby milk. (Novak, 2008) Another threat now a days is in nestle pure life. As its the leading brand and people prefer Nestle pure life but their may be a threat from Aquafina which is introduced by Pepsi Global competitors: Nestlà © towers over its competitors as the worlds largest food company, proudly proclaiming good food, good life Not so good is Nestlà ©s reputation for corporate abuse throughout its operations, ranging from the marketing of infant formula to the production of its chocolate and bottled water. Nestlà © has been the target of strong international criticism for its aggressive marketing of infant formula in countries with scarce potable water, leading to a reduction in breast feeding and increased risk for infants. Nestlà © is one of the top four water bottling companies in the world, contributing to the problem of plastic waste as well as the usurping of water that should remain a shared resource. (Raj, n.d.) Competitors Cadbury Schweppes Sara Lee -Campbell Soup Smithfield Foods Chiquita Brands Starbucks Coca-Cola Tyson Foods ConAgra Foods Unilever Danone -Vivendi Universal S.A. Dean Foods -Dole General Mills Hershey -H.J. Heinz Company Kellogg Kraft Foods McDonalds PepsiCo Procter Gamble Porters five forces analysis: Analysing the above from the porters framework As we can see above that the company is facing an intense competition in the market by its existing competitors all over the world and is facing a lot of problems because of this in terms of its market share and reputation like in the yoghurt market it is facing intense competition from DANONE along with this it is also facing the threat from substitute products like the Aquafina arising as the competitor of pure life. Hence analysing it from the porters framework we can state that nestle is facing an intense rate of competition from the existing competitors with a fear of losing the market share. CONCLUSION Nestlà ©s overarching principle is that each employee should have the opportunity to develop to the maximum of his or her potential. Nestlà © do this because they believe it pays off in the long run in their business results, and that sustainable long-term relationships with highly competent people and with the communities where they operate enhance their ability to make consistent profits. It is important to give people the opportunities for life-long learning as at Nestle that all employees are called upon to upgrade their skills in a fast-changing world. By offering opportunities to develop, they not only enrich themselves as a company, they also make themselves individually more autonomous, confident, and, in turn, more employable and open to new positions within the company. Enhancing this virtuous circle is the ultimate goal of their training efforts at many different levels through the thousands of training programs they run each year. Suggestions and recommendations: As Nestle is the best company all over the world but there is some recommendations and suggestions. 1. Their prices are little bit higher so they should low their prices to increase their Customers. 2. About 70 % people use their products why the rest dont use them they should conduct survey and concentrate on those facts why they are not using their products. 3. They should also improve their advertising. Their advertising doesnt pay long term effect in the mind of customers. 4. About 17% people are not satisfied from the taste of Nestle so nestle has to improve its taste. 5. Due to a great demand of nestle Milk now a days there is a shortage of nestle milk in shops sometimes they have to consider this aspect too. REFRENCES: Amit, 2005. My Dream Company Nestle. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/14155655/My-Dream-Company [Accessed 5 February 2011]. Anjaria, H.T.A.J., 2008. Distribution management. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/37532156/Distribution-Management-Nestle-Ppt [Accessed 06 February 2011]. Bountypat, 2008. Nestle History. [Online] Available at: http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Nestle-History/173749?read_essay [Accessed 03 February 2011]. Gerry Johnson, K.W., 2005. In Exploring Corporate Strategy. 7th ed. Prentice Hall. Harkort, F., 2008. In ood Business and the Global Water Challenge: Exploring the Link Between Food Business, Environmental Stakeholders, Farmers, and Water Resources. 2008th ed. Grin Verlag. Headonist, 2009. Nestle SWOT Analysis. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/16728461/Nestle [Accessed 02 February 2011]. Kumari, D., 2008. Strategic Management. [Online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/deepakumari/nestle-sm-presentation [Accessed 29 January 2011]. Nazir, U., 2009. SWOT Of Nestle. [Online] Available at: http://mgmt280.blogspot.com/2009/11/swot-of-nestle.html [Accessed February 2011]. Novak, D.J., 2008. Nestle SWOT. [Online] Available at: http://marketingteacher.com/swot/nestle-swot.html [Accessed 4 February 2011]. Parakhiya, V., 2009. Nestle Stratigic Management. [Online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/vparakhiya/nestle-2464286 [Accessed 3 February 2011]. Raj, L.P., n.d. Nestle. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/28910655/Nestle [Accessed 28 January 2011]. W, R., n.d. Nestle global Stregy. [Online] Available at: http://www.directessays.com/viewpaper/92539.html [Accessed 8 February 2011].

Death to the Death Penalty Essay -- Capital Punishment, Death, Lethal

â€Å"When Michael Ryan was sentenced to death, We were sentenced to† (Kelle, a.n.d, par.2). Keeping him tied outside to a deck with no coat to freeze in the winter cold, disemboweling him with a shovel to shooting off each one of his fingers, James Thimm was tortured to death (Kelle,2009). We imagine that as each day went past the pain would weaken. But that wasn’t the case for Miriam Thimm Kelle and his family. Michael Ryan the killer of Jim, were sentenced to the death penalty but little did Miriam know he was also sentenced. For some 20 years Michael Ryan's execution was carried out through every appeal on and on. The pain that Kelle’s family inflicted was insufferable. As unfortunate as the occurrence was it is safe to say this continues to be the pain of many murder victims families. The death penalty provides nothing but pain for the victims family, the economy and the society. There are multiple reasons why one should be against the death penalty. For a society that wants to be civilized, putting people to death does not solve that problem. Thinking that its helping, the death penalty actually creates a whole new set of victims. Mistakes are made because cases always turns out to be innocent. The death penalty is often used as a discriminatory tool for poor, blacks, and other specifics. Like life imprisonment the death penalty is no more deterrent. There's always the possibility of rehabilitations no matter how evil the crime was. It is hypocritical and against the law to kill someone but the state still do. The overall quality of life is bad in a society where the death penalty is used. And when this whole ordeal is put into play it brings down the society as whole. Most murders committed are largely done in the heart of the moment. â€Å"The homicide rate is at least five times greater in the united states than in any western European country† (Carter, 2012, part.4). No where does studies show a substantial net deterrent effect from capital punishment under modern U.S. conditions. In fact 88.2% of polled criminologists do not believe that the death penalty is a deterrent (Rodelet,2009, p.3). Im sure that persons contemplating murder do not sit around and say hey you know what I won’t commit this murder because I’ll face the death penalty. No, planned murders don’t plan on getting caught. They either weigh the consequences, death penalty, life without parole. States without the death penalty have a lower murder rate than states with it. 10 of the states without capital punishment have homicide rates below the national average (Bonner, Fessenden,2000). The death penalty is not a deterrent. It’s usually only used on the poor or disadvantaged people. The poor, minorities, and members of racial, ethnic, and religious communities are directly effected under the state of the International criminal court adopted in 1998, the death penalty is excluded from the punishments (â€Å"Amnesty International the† , n.d). Deterrence plays no part. "According to a survey of the former and present presidents of the country's top academic criminological societies, 84% of these experts rejected the notion that the death penalty acts as a deterrent to murder. (Radelet & Akers, 1996)" Victims are sentenced to death after unfair trials. The death penalty has been and continues to be used as a tool of political repression. It’s used to silence forever political opponents or to eliminate politically troublesome individuals. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes each person’s right to life. â€Å"No one should be subjected to torture or to cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment† (Human Rights #5 ) The death penalty violates these rights. " The death penalty is not an act of self-defense. It is in fact the premeditated killing of a prisoner who could be dealt with by less... ...ons is excited. Instead families feelings are remorsefully saddened for executions. Over and over studies have shown that the death penalty does not work as deterrence to crime. And costs are so driven up by death penalty cases. Ultimately the death penalty is a permanent death consent. Why murder others for murders? It doesn't make any sense to. BIBLIOGRAPHY Kane, Gregory. "To murder victims' families, executing killers is justice."baltimoresun.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014. . Bonner, Raymond, and Ford Fessenden. "States Without Death Penalty Have Lower Homicide Rates." commondreams. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2000. . McCafferty, James. 2009. â€Å"Capital Punishment†. "Death Penalty." Amnesty International USA. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. . Meehan , Mary . "Ten reasons to oppose the death penalty." America Magazine . N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 1982. Manderu, Evan. 2011. â€Å"Capital Punishment America†. "infoplease." Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. ï » ¿Ã¯ » ¿Ã¯ » ¿"Amendment VIII: Benjamin Rush, On Punishing Murder by Death." Amendment VIII: Benjamin Rush, On Punishing Murder by Death. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. . Dieter, Richard . "The Death Penalty in Black and White: Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides." DPIC. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. . Kronenwetter, Micheal 2001 â€Å"Capital Punishment†

Vietnam War Impact on New Zealand

The Vietnam War had several social effects in New Zealand. The New Zealand publics’ opinion was polarized due to New Zealand’s involvement in the war, and public debate was generated over New Zealand’s foreign policy in particular how it relied on an alliance-based security. An anti-war movement developed in New Zealand, who disagreed with the strategy of forward defense. They also questioned the validity of the domino theory, and thought communism in south-East Asia did not in any way threaten New Zealand.The members of the anti-war movement also condemned the western intervention in Vietnam; they argued that they should not support a corrupt regime such as Ngo Dinh Diem, that it was immoral. The anti-war activists urged the New Zealand government to get a more independent foreign policy, instead of being submissive to the American government. The anti-war movement grew steadily, by the 1970s mobilizations that involved thousands of New Zealanders marching to pr otest the war where occurring in cities all over New Zealand.Young and highly educated New Zealanders made up a most of the anti-war war movement, which was also supported by church groups, students, and growing numbers of the public. This was a large social effect the Vietnam war had on New Zealand as it meant people where coming together to protest the war, and it caused New Zealanders to be more aware of politics and become more politically involved. The Vietnam War also had large political impacts in New Zealand.While New Zealand troops where in Vietnam the political ideas of National and labor towards the war became markedly different. Initially both parties supported sending troops, national publically stating New Zealand had a duty to support its ally, but as the war continued Labor began to adopt the ideas of the anti-war movement. From 1969 labor promised if they were elected New Zealand troops would be withdrawn from Vietnam. Labor supported a more independent foreign poli cy, which would reflect New Zealand as a small multicultural country situated in the south pacific.Labor hoped it would be able to achieve this and keep New Zealand in its alliances. National however remained committed to an alliance based foreign policy, arguing a small country such as New Zealand had to rely and co-operate on powerful allies. New Zealand’s involvement in the Vietnam War lead to the end of the earlier Bipartisan cold war consensus between National and Labor on foreign policy, marking it a significant turning point in the development of a new direction for New Zealand’s foreign policy.The Vietnam War had both long term impacts on the New Zealand soldiers involved and more immediate impacts. A more immediate impact was while in Vietnam New Zealand soldiers were put under a lot of stress. The Viet Cong were an â€Å"invisible enemy† who fought using guerilla tactics. New Zealand soldiers also patrolled in silence, using hand gestures to communicat e, so as to not reveal their position to the enemy. This meant the soldiers did not know where the Viet Cong were, and knew they could appear at any moment.This would have frightened the soldiers and put more stress on them, as they were never sure when they would run into the Viet Cong, knowing that each time they went round a corner they could run into the Viet Cong. Veterans recall â€Å"endless fear, tension and adrenalin. † during their time in Vietnam. Some of the missions New Zealand soldiers were required to go on resulted in the deaths of Vietnamese women and children, many soldiers suffered psychological damage as a result of seeing the bodies and realizing who they had killed.Upon returning home soldiers faced hostility from the public, who described them as â€Å"war-mongers† and â€Å"baby-killers. † This had an emotional effect on soldiers, who had been an expecting a hero’s welcome, many where surprised and hurt by the public’s react ion. This was one of the factors that caused veterans to think of themselves as â€Å" cynical† and â€Å"distrusting. † New Zealand soldiers also suffered from long term affects from the Vietnam war, in particular many suffered from exposure to the defoliant agent orange.Agent Orange was a dangerous toxin used by the US to kill the foliage the Viet Cong hid in. it was sprayed by air and by hand. Zone three, where New Zealand soldiers were serving had over 20 million liters of Agent Orange sprayed on it, more than the other zones got combined. Exposure to Agent Orange caused high rates of cancers such as liver, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma and lung cancer among veterans, around 30 to 40 years after they left. Agent Orange also had an intergenerational impact, affecting the veteran’s children.After the war many of their wives had still or premature births. One soldier’s wife had seven miscarriages. Agent Orange caused genetic mutations to occur; the women who did manage to have kids gave birth to children with deformities and disabilities. Initially the New Zealand government refused to acknowledge the effects of Agent Orange, and would not give recognition of the harm that had been done to New Zealand soldiers. However after incontrovertible proof was provided to a governments select comity it was officially agreed that New Zealand soldiers had been put at risk.

Women Police Officers

Women police officers is a developing field just like many occupations women have undertaken. Today we are realizing the rewards of having both female and male officers working together. However, it took time for this concept to progress. The addition of women police officers has received assorted reactions from the public and police officers alike. I will explore the development and need for women police officers for an effective police department, inclusion of female police officers should be carried out to ensure a more diverse police culture. Women began working in law enforcement as matrons. Their work often fell along the lines of social work duties working primarily with women and children often hired by departments after being widowed from a fellow officer. Women struggle for recognition and advancement in police departments, for example the first sworn female police officer, Lola Baldwin, from Portland Oregon. Her job duties were largely of a social work nature, protecting young women working at the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in 1905. Fortunately, her success in this task led to her swearing in as an officer with the power to conduct arrests in 1908. Following suit, in 1910, the Los Angeles Police Department swore in Alice Wells as the country's first â€Å"policewoman†. In 1912 the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department swore in Margaret Adams as the nations' first female deputy sheriff however her responsibilities typically involved evidence processing. During the Great Depression and World War II, approximately 1930-1940s, women progression in law enforcement came to a halt do to having to directly compete with men for jobs. Though they were able to continue to work in law enforcement it was more in the support capacity with roles such as dispatch and other desk oriented duties. In the 1950s women in law enforcement moved from behind the desk and out onto the streets with the male police officers. There are many causes for this advancement but most of the credit goes to the formation of the International Association of Women Police in 1956 and police departments increased battle with prostitution and illegal drug sales in the 1960s. This new war on drugs allowed for the expansion and need for more female police officers to assist with specialized operations. During the 1970s the presence of female officers in police departments became increasingly accepted by the general public because of the 1972, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act was implemented outlawing gender discrimination in public agencies, including police departments, breaking the glass ceiling to further expand opportunities for women in law enforcement, later establishing several law enforcement association devoted to women. Over the last few decades women police officers have brought a unique face to policing. They have experienced trials and struggles to be acknowledged and respected in the various levels of policing. Financial security and prestige are some of the reasons women join law eforement agencies. Taking up the challenge of being a cop and accomplishing it is a rewarding feeling to women who are expected to fail in a male dominated field. Across American states law enforcement agaencies have been accused of using brutal force when dealing with suspects. Deployment of women in the police force will reduce cases of use of force because women tend to handle suspected offenders in a human way. The American police department has evolved since its inception in 1657 in Northern America. It has undergone structural changes as it works on acheieving its goal of citizen protection. Among the noticeable change is the acceptance of women in the law enforcement agency. Women working for the American police department were only allowed to work in the office. Field matters were only left to men. Women did not wear police uniform like their male counter parts. The first police officer to join the American enforcement agency was Alice Stebbins Wells. She joined the police department in 1910. Before she joined law enforcement, Wells was a minister in Kansas, Alice petitioned the mayor of Los Angles to find her a position in the police department so that she could help in handing crime cases touching on children and women. (women could only do what job) A debate has been raging on a motion to boost the number of women officers in different states police department. Women are better than men in terms of handling suspects. Women deal with many violent criminals just like men, respond well to violent calls, defused crimes that were about to happen with the same expertise like male law enforcers. Women receive fewer complaints, accusations, involved in fewer shooting incidents than male counterparts. *According to Joseph Wambaugh, body size and stamina could no longer be used to determine one's capability to join and survive the law enforcement units. He further stressed that gone were the days when interrogation on suspects cold be carried forcefully. Women are good at getting people to talk without using force. Hiring more women cops will reduce the number of cost and lawsuits associaited with use of brutal force by male police officers. ((Crime & Center, 2005) Women deescalate tense situations by treating suspects with respect. Having women who are known to handle suspects in a human way will bridge the gap that exists between communities and law enforcement agencies because the suspect and their families feel more comfortable cooperating with officials. Handling of violence against women incidents has been a challenge in law enforcement. Inclusion of more women will help how victims are handled. In conclusion, increasing the number of women in law enforcement agencies will also improe its tarnished image of policing department that uses brutal force when handing offenders. The community will view the police as all round law enforcement catering to the needs of both men and women. Incidents of brutality will greatly reduce since studies and real time situation have proved women handle suspects while considering the laid laws of dealing with offenders. The succeeding in male dominated fields thus policing careers will not be an exception. The story of women in law enforcement continues to evolve as police departments discover that female officers bring particular gifts and abilities to the profession. These advantages often include a less confrontational style than that of their male partners, a lower likelihood of use of excessive force, the ability to exercise empathy and effectively diffuse difficult situations —especially domestic calls, and a larger field of awareness in stressful situations. Female officers' abilities often complement those of male officers, resulting in a tactical as well as an investigative advantage when male-female teams are deployed. These advantages, if leveraged, can only advance the evolution of female service in law enforcement, and benefit the profession and those we serve and protect. There are many stories of women who helped shape our profession — some are famous, others infamous, and still others are women whose stories are not widely known but are fascinating nonetheless. Further, there are countless stories right now being written by the women law enforcers patrolling the streets across this great nation. What will your story be? Law enforcement as a career has been increasingly more popular for women in the recent years however the numbers have not increased greatly. In 2001 women accounted for only 12.7% of all sworn law enforcement positions in large agencies. It is a fact that women officers make less arrest than men officers however the arrest made by female officers tend to hold up better in court. Female officers do not appear to call in for support or assistance any more than their male counterparts. Yet they have been found to be as capable as male officers dealing with violent or angry situations. Evidence shows that because their appearance is less dangerous women officers have an advantage in dangerous situation resulting in avoiding injury to all parties involved. The acceptance of women on patrol seems to have been embraced better by the public than by males officers. Female officers have reported feeling of isolation and perceived hostilities from co workers have suggested as potential problems. Female officers are exposed to the same environmental stressors as male police officers but are not viewed as competent and may experience role conflict and job uncertainty.